Au-delà de tout doute raisonnable
Last Supper
Language
The one who belongs listens and responds to Yehovah's words. If you don't listen and respond,
it is because you don't belong to Yehovah." John 8:47
Knowing and loving God
Deuteromy 13 1-7 Matthew 24:242 Peter 2:11 John 4:12 Corinthians 11:13-15 other Gods
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Not Human: God's nature is distinct from 2 Corinthians 11:13-15; He is not fallible like humans.
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Doesn't Lie: He does not speak falsehoods or deceive.
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Doesn't Change Mind: He doesn't regret or alter His plans or promises.
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Faithful to His Word: If God speaks or makes a promise, He will certainly act on it and make it good.Numbers 23:19 John 10:35 and scripture cannot be broken.
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1 John 2:4, if someone claims to know God but does not keep his commandments, they are considered a liar, and the truth is not in them
Lois alimentaires du Lévitique
Dieu appelle l'homosexualité une abomination, la même abomination qu'il appelle manger du porc. Il appelle certains animaux impurs et Il dit de ne pas les manger ni de les toucher. C'est une vérité qui donne à réfléchir, vous vous interrogez et refusez d'obéir aux commandes dans lesquelles vous serez tenu responsable.
Actes : 17:30 « Dieu a négligé l'ignorance des gens à propos de ces choses dans les temps anciens, mais maintenant il ordonne à tous et partout de se repentir de leurs péchés et de se tourner vers lui. ● Lévitique 11:24 « Par ceux-ci vous deviendrez impurs ; quiconque touchera les cadavres de l'un d'eux sera impur jusqu'au soir; 25 quiconque portera une partie du cadavre de l'un d'eux lavera ses vêtements et sera impur jusqu'au soir : ● Esaïe 66 : Car par le feu et par son épée. Le Seigneur jugera toute chair; Et les morts du Seigneur seront nombreux. 17 « Ceux qui se sanctifient et se purifient pour aller dans les jardins après une idole au milieu, mangeant de la chair de porc, de l'abomination et de la souris, seront consumés ensemble », dit l'Éternel.
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Esaïe 65 : J'ai tendu mes mains tout le jour vers un peuple rebelle, 2 Qui marche dans une voie qui n'est pas bonne, Selon ses propres pensées ; 3Un peuple qui m'irrite continuellement en face;Qui sacrifiez dans les jardins, Et brûlez de l'encens sur des autels de briques ; 4 qui sont assis parmi les sépulcres, et passent la nuit dans les sépulcres ; Qui mangent de la chair de porc, Et le bouillon de choses abominables est dans leurs vases;
Donc, ce verset suivant nous dit de bénir Yehovah et les bonnes provisions qu'il nous a données. Prière après avoir mangé.
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Deutéronome 8 : 10 Quand tu auras mangé à satiété, n'oublie pas de louer l'Éternel, ton Dieu, pour le bon pays qu'il t'a donné. ce que je te commande aujourd'hui ; …
C'est quelque chose que vous devriez vraiment considérer, Yehovah nous a donné une nourriture bonne et propre à manger, cependant, nous choisissons de lui tourner le dos et de ses restrictions. Avez-vous déjà réfléchi à la raison pour laquelle Yehovah nous a dit de ne pas manger certains animaux comme nourriture ? Les animaux qu'il nous a dit de ne pas manger sont des charognards, un oiseau ou un animal qui se nourrit d'animaux morts qu'il ne s'est pas tués.
9 “ ' De toutes les créatures qui vivent dans les eaux des mers et des fleuves, vous pouvez manger celles qui ont des nageoires et des écailles. 10 Mais toutes les créatures des mers ou des fleuves qui n'ont ni nageoires ni écailles, soit parmi toutes les créatures qui pullulent, soit parmi toutes les autres créatures vivantes dans l'eau, vous devez les considérer comme impures. 11 Et puisque vous devez les considérer comme impurs, vous ne devez pas manger leur viande ; vous devez considérer leurs carcasses comme impures. 12 Tout ce qui vit dans l'eau et qui n'a pas de nageoires ni d'écailles doit être considéré comme impur par vous. Lévitique 11.
Il tiendra chacun responsable
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The Vision (Acts 10:9–16)
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Peter was hungry and fell into a trance. He saw a great sheet descending from heaven containing "all kinds of four-footed animals, reptiles, and birds of the air." A voice told him, "Rise, Peter; kill and eat."
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Peter, being a devout Jew, refused, saying he had never eaten anything "common or unclean." The voice replied:
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"What God has made clean, do not call common."
Peter’s Own Interpretation
Initially, Peter was "greatly perplexed" by the vision. However, the meaning became clear when he was immediately invited to the home of Cornelius, a Roman Centurion (a Gentile).
According to Jewish tradition at the time, Jews were not supposed to associate with or visit people of other nations because they were considered "unclean." Peter explicitly interprets the dream in Acts 10:28:
"He said to them: 'You are well aware that it is against our law for a Jew to associate with or visit a Gentile. But God has shown me that I should not call any person common or unclean.'"
Summary of the Meaning
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The Symbol: The "unclean" animals in the sheet.
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The Reality: The Gentiles (non-Jewish people).
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While the animals weren't exactly "thrown up in the air," they were lowered from the sky in a large sheet held by its four corners. After the sheet was lowered and then "taken up" again three times, Peter eventually provided the specific interpretation for what the dream meant.
1. Land Animals
For a land animal to be considered food, it had to meet two specific criteria simultaneously:
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It must have completely split hooves (cloven-footed).
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It must chew the cud (ruminate).
StatusExamples
Clean (Food)Cows, Sheep, Goats, Deer, Gazelles.
Unclean (Forbidden)Pigs (split hoof, but no cud), Camels (cud, but no hoof), Rabbits (chew, but no hoof).
2. Sea Creatures
For creatures living in the water (seas or rivers) to be considered food, they had to have:
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Fins
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Scales
Anything that lives in the water but lacks both—such as shellfish (shrimp, lobster, crabs), eels, or sharks—was considered an "abomination" (shekets) and was not to be eaten.
3. Birds
The Law does not give a specific physical "test" for birds like it does for mammals. Instead, Leviticus 11 lists 20 specific birds that are forbidden.
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The Rule of Thumb: Generally, birds of prey (eagles, hawks, vultures) and scavengers (ravens) are forbidden.
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Clean Birds: While not listed by name as "clean," birds like chicken, turkey, duck, and quail have traditionally been accepted because they are not scavengers.
4. Insects
Most insects were forbidden, with one notable exception: locusts, crickets, and grasshoppers (insects that have "jointed legs for hopping on the earth").
Why these specific laws?
There are three main perspectives on why Yehovah gave these instructions:
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Holiness and Separation: The primary reason given in the text is to make a distinction between Israel and the surrounding nations. To "belong" to Yehovah (as we discussed in John 8:47) meant even their diet reflected His order.
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Hygiene/Health: Many "unclean" animals are scavengers that carry parasites or toxins (like pork or shellfish). While the Bible focuses on the spiritual aspect, many see a secondary benefit in health.
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Symbolism: Some scholars argue that clean animals (like sheep) represent the peaceful nature of God's people, while unclean animals (like predators) represent violence and death.
Knowing and loving God
Deuteromy 13 1-7 Worshiping other G
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Not Human: God's nature is distinct from humanity; He is not fallible like humans.
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Doesn't Lie: He does not speak falsehoods or deceive.
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Doesn't Change Mind: He doesn't regret or alter His plans or promises.
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Faithful to His Word: If God speaks or makes a promise, He will certainly act on it and make it good.Numbers 23:19 John 10:35
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1 John 2:4, if someone claims to know God but does not keep his commandments, they are considered a liar, and the truth is not in them
Land Scavengers (The Pig/Swine)
Because pigs are omnivorous scavengers with a very rapid digestive system, they act as a "reservoir" for various biological threats.
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Pathogens (Living):
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Trichinella spiralis: A parasitic roundworm that causes Trichinosis. The larvae encyst in the muscle tissue.
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Yersinia enterocolitica: A bacteria that causes acute gastrointestinal distress, often found in pork products.
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Taenia solium: Known as the "pork tapeworm." If humans ingest the eggs, it can lead to Cysticercosis, where larvae migrate to the brain or muscles.
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Toxins (Chemical):
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High Histamine Levels: Swine have high levels of histamine, which can trigger inflammatory or allergic responses in some humans.
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Environmental Pollutants: Because pigs store waste in their fat cells due to fast digestion, they carry higher concentrations of pesticides and herbicides found in their feed compared to ruminants.
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Based on the biological facts we have discussed, here is a concentrated summary of the risks associated specifically with eating pork (swine). These risks stem from the animal's unique anatomy and its role as a scavenger.
1. Parasitic Risks (Living Organisms)
Pork is a primary host for several parasites that can migrate from the meat into human tissue.
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Trichinella spiralis: This roundworm causes Trichinosis. When a human eats infected pork, the larvae mature in the intestines and then travel through the bloodstream to embed themselves in the person's muscle tissue.
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Taenia solium (Pork Tapeworm): Ingesting the larvae leads to intestinal tapeworms. However, ingesting the eggs (found in contaminated pork environments) causes Cysticercosis, where the larvae form cysts in the brain, which is a leading cause of seizures worldwide.
2. Digestive Efficiency and Toxins
The most significant biological difference between "clean" ruminants (like cows) and "unclean" swine is how they process waste.
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Rapid Metabolism: A pig's digestive system is very simple and fast (roughly 4 hours). Unlike a cow, which has four stomach compartments to ferment and filter out toxins over 24 hours, the pig's system does not effectively neutralize or eliminate many of the poisons it consumes.
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Storage in Fat: Because toxins are not fully eliminated, they are stored in the animal’s adipose (fat) tissue. Since pork meat is "marbled" (fat is woven through the muscle), these toxins cannot be simply trimmed away.
3. Bacterial Pathogens
Pork is a frequent carrier of several bacteria that thrive in the scavenger's environment.
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Yersinia enterocolitica: This is a common contaminant in pork. It causes fever and abdominal pain that is often mistaken for appendicitis.
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Listeria monocytogenes: Pork products, especially processed ones, are high-risk for Listeria, which is particularly dangerous for pregnant women and those with weakened immune systems.
4. Viral Risks
Pigs are often referred to as "mixing vessels" for viruses because their cells are susceptible to both human and avian (bird) viruses.
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Hepatitis E: Research has shown that a significant percentage of commercial pork livers carry the Hepatitis E virus, which can cause acute liver inflammation in humans.
Fact Check: Does Cooking Fix This?
As established, while cooking pork to an internal temperature of 160°F can kill the parasites (like Trichinella), it does not remove the chemical toxins, heavy metals, or viruses that have been biologically integrated into the meat and fat.
Natural Marine Biotoxins
These are produced by microscopic algae (phytoplankton). Shellfish eat the algae, but the toxins do not hurt them; they just store them in their tissues.
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Saxitoxins (PSP): Causes Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning. These are among the most poisonous natural substances known. They block nerve signals, leading to numbness, paralysis, and in severe cases, respiratory failure and death.
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Domoic Acid (ASP): Causes Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning. This toxin can cross into the brain and destroy neurons. Symptoms include vomiting and confusion, and it can lead to permanent short-term memory loss or death.
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Okadaic Acid (DSP): Causes Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning. This results in severe gastrointestinal distress (vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea).
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Brevetoxins (NSP): Causes Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning. These affect the sodium channels in the nervous system, leading to tingling sensations and loss of coordination.
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Fact: These biotoxins are heat-stable. This means that unlike bacteria, cooking, steaming, or freezing does not destroy them. If the toxin is in the meat, it remains dangerous no matter how well it is cooked.
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2. Bacterial and Viral Pathogens
Because shellfish are often found in coastal areas where runoff occurs, they concentrate human and animal waste products.
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Vibrio vulnificus: A bacteria naturally found in warm seawater. It can cause life-threatening blood infections (septicemia), especially in people with liver disease or weakened immune systems.
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Hepatitis A: A virus that affects the liver. Shellfish harvested from water contaminated by sewage are a major source of this virus.
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Norovirus: The leading cause of "stomach flu." Shellfish concentrate this virus from the water, often leading to large outbreaks.
3. Heavy Metals and Pollutants
As bottom-feeders, they are in constant contact with the sediment where pollutants settle.
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Mercury, Lead, and Cadmium: Shellfish can have levels of heavy metals many times higher than the surrounding water.
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Microplastics: Recent studies show that because they filter so much water, shellfish are one of the primary sources of
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microplastic ingestion for humans.